Cor Vasa 2026, 68(1):100-110

Pohybová aktivita a cvičení v prevenci ischemické choroby srdeční: využití pro klinickou praxi

Ladislav Baťalíka-d, Bogna Jiravská Godulae, Libor Jelínekf, Eliška Sovováf
a Katedra fyzioterapie a rehabilitace, Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy univerzity, Brno, Česká republika
b Rehabilitační klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Brno, Brno, Česká republika
c Rehabilitační klinika, Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy univerzity, Brno, Česká republika
d Ústav veřejného zdraví, Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy univerzity, Brno, Česká republika
e Centrum sportovní kardiologie, Kardiocentrum, Nemocnice AGEL Třinec-Podlesí, Třinec, Česká republika
f Centrum sportovní kardiologie, Klinika tělovýchovného lékařství a kardiovaskulární rehabilitace, Lékařská fakulta Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci a Fakultní nemocnice Olomouc, Olomouc, Česká republika

Kardiovaskulární onemocnění představuje významný globální zdravotní problém. Pravidelná pohybová aktivita a cvičení patří mezi nejúčinnější intervence v její primární i sekundární prevenci. Epidemiologická data ukazují, že i nízká až střední úroveň pravidelné pohybové aktivity snižuje kardiovaskulární mortalitu a morbiditu. Mechanismus těchto efektů zahrnuje pozitivní změny tradičních rizikových faktorů, ale i přímé cévní efekty. Nedostatek pohybové aktivity je naopak spojen s vyšším kardiovaskulárním rizikem a rizikem celkové mortality. V sekundární prevenci přináší účast na strukturovaných programech kardiovaskulární rehabilitace významnou redukci rizika reinfarktu, hospitalizací a mortality. Vstupní screening a individuální nastavení cvičební zátěže podle principů "Frekvence-Intenzita-Trvání-Typ-Progrese" (FITT-P) jsou klíčové pro bezpečnost a efektivitu těchto intervencí. V praxi jsou využívány jak kontinuální, tak intervalové formy cvičení, s důrazem na individuální volbu dle klinického stavu a preference pacienta. Moderní digitální technologie umožňují cvičení vedené na dálku a domácí programy, které překonávají běžné bariéry účasti a zlepšují adherenci. Jednoduchým a motivujícím ukazatelem pro širokou populaci může být sledování denního počtu kroků, přičemž již zvýšení o několik tisíc kroků denně přináší významné zdravotní benefity. Efektivní implementace pohybové aktivity v klinické praxi vyžaduje multidisciplinární přístup, kontinuální edukaci pacientů i zdravotníků a aktivní využití dostupných technologií, což může zásadně zlepšit prognózu pacientů s ischemickou chorobou srdeční. © 2026, ČKS.

Klíčová slova: Cvičení, Ischemická choroba srdeční, Kardiovaskulární rehabilitace, Pohybová aktivita, Prevence

Vloženo: 4. srpen 2025; Revidováno: 4. září 2025; Přijato: 8. září 2025; Zveřejněno online: 2. červen 2012; Zveřejněno: 15. březen 2026  Zobrazit citaci

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Baťalík L, Jiravská Godula B, Jelínek L, Sovová E. Pohybová aktivita a cvičení v prevenci ischemické choroby srdeční: využití pro klinickou praxi. Cor Vasa. 2026;68(1):100-110.
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