Cor Vasa 2020, 62(Suppl. 1):27-32 | DOI: 10.33678/cor.2020.047

(Treatment with ACE inhibitors and AT1-blockers during the COVID-19 pandemic)

Jiří Veselýa,b
a Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové, Univerzita Karlova
b EDUMED s.r.o., Náchod

In the context of an ongoing pandemic of the COVID-19, most experts have noticed that the SARS-CoV-2 enters cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein, which plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This, together with the finding that the COVID-19 disease is more common in patients with diabetes, high blood pressure, or cardiovascular disease, has led to the hypothesis of a potential adverse effect of ACE inhibitors and AT1-blockers on the risk of COVID-19 and its course. This was followed by a rapid response from a number of professional societies, emphasizing the clearly confirmed benefits of this treatment and the lack of scientific and clinical evidence do not justify discontinuation or avoidance of these drugs in the context of COVID-19. Over the last two months, several observational studies have consistently confirmed that this treatment does not increase the risk of developing COVID-19 or its more severe course, and some suggest that it may reduce these risks.

Keywords: ACE2, ACE inhibitors, AT1-blockers, COVID-19

Received: May 19, 2020; Accepted: May 19, 2020; Published: June 22, 2020  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Veselý J. (Treatment with ACE inhibitors and AT1-blockers during the COVID-19 pandemic). Cor Vasa. 2020;62(Suppl. 1):27-32. doi: 10.33678/cor.2020.047.
Download citation

References

  1. Worldometer. Dostupné z: http//www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
  2. Walls AC, Park YJ, Tortorici MA, et al. Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Cell 2020;181:281-292.e6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  3. Yan R, Zhang Y, Li Y, et al. Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2. Science 2020;367:1444-1448. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature 2003;426:450-454. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  5. Danser AHJ, Epstein M, Batlle D. Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and the COVID-19 Pandemic: At Present There Is No Evidence to Abandon Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers. Hypertension 2020;75:1382-1385. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Tamargo M, Tamargo J. Future drug discovery in renin- -angiotensin-aldosterone system intervention. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017;12:827-848. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med 2020;46:586-590. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  8. Ferrario CM, Jessup J, Chappell MC, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Circulation 2005;111:2605-2610. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  9. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med 2020;8(4):e21. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19? - Authors' reply. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:e32-e33. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Brown JD. Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19? Lancet Respir Med 2020;8(5):e28. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. European Societies of Cardiology. Position statement of the ESC Council on Hypertension on ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. March 13, 2020. https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)/News/position-statement-of-the-esc-council-on-hypertension-on-ace-inhibitors-and-ang. Navštíveno: 20. 3. 2020.
  13. HFSA/ACC/AHA statement addresses concerns re: using RAAS antagonists in COVID-19. March 17, 2020. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/03/17/08/59/hfsa-acc-aha-statement-addresses-concerns-re-using-raas-antagonists-in-covid-19. Navštíveno: 20. 3. 2020.
  14. Statement by the ESH: https://www.eshonline.org/spotlights/esh-statement-covid-19/ Navštíveno: 28. 5. 2020
  15. International Society of Hypertension. A statement from the International Society of Hypertension on COVID-19. https://ish-world.com/news/a/A-statement-from-the-International-Society-of-Hypertension-on-COVID-19/. Navštíveno: 28. 5. 2020.
  16. Meng J, Xiao G, Zhang J, et al. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020;9:757-760. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Liu Y, Huang F, Xu J, et al. Anti-hypertensive angiotensin II receptor blockers associated to mitigation of disease severity in elderly COVID-19 patients. MedRxiv 2020 (https://www.medrxiv.org/content/ 10.1101/2020.03.20.20039586v1.full.pdf) (preprint). Go to original source...
  18. Zhang P, Zhu L, Cai J, et al. Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers with Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 17]. Circ Res10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317134. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317134. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang H, Deng A. Association of Renin--Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 23]. JAMA Cardiol 2020;e201624. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1624 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Bean DM, Kraljevic Z, Searle T, et al. Treatment with ACE- -inhibitors is associated with less severe disease with SARS--Covid-19 infection in a multi-site UK acute hospital trust. MedRxiv. 2020 (https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020 .04.07.20056788v1) (preprint). Go to original source...
  21. Mehra MR, Desai SS, Kuy S, Henry TD, Patel AN. Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 1]. N Engl J Med 2020;NEJMoa2007621. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  22. Mancia G, Rea F, Ludergnani M, Apolone G, Corrao G. Renin--Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers and the Risk of Covid-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 1]. N Engl J Med 2020;NEJMoa2006923. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2006923. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Reynolds HR, Adhikari S, Pulgarin C, et al. Renin-Angiotensin--Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 1]. N Engl J Med 2020;NEJMoa2008975. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2008975. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Campbell P. New Trial to Assess Impact of ACEi/ARBs Discontinuation in COVID-19 Patients. https://www.mdmag.com/medical-news/new-trial-to-assess-acei-arbs-covid19-patients
  25. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04338009
  26. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04353596

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.





Cor et Vasa

You are accessing a site intended for medical professionals, not the lay public. The site may also contain information that is intended only for persons authorized to prescribe and dispense medicinal products for human use.

I therefore confirm that I am a healthcare professional under Act 40/1995 Coll. as amended by later regulations and that I have read the definition of a healthcare professional.